Guns, Germs, and Steel 

Day 3

• none of the domesticated animals were from New Guinea, Australia, or Africa 
• South America only had the lama 
• Asia, Europe, and North Africa had 13/14 of the domestic animals 
• The mid west had all the domestic farm animals 
• The fertile crescent had the best crops and animals
• the fertile crescent is not the power house of the beginning of time
• Following on a lateral line, everything has the same day and night, weather, and animals
• geography is the answer 

Guns, Germs, and Steel 

Day 2

• China makes rice
• American makes corn, squash, and beans
• Africa makes sorgu, milk, and yams
• Papua New Guinea has sago.
• Good domesticated animals should be able to reproduce within the age of 1-2.
• They can't be carnivores because then you have to get animals other animals for them to eat. And are dangerous to humans 
• Needs to get along with humans
• 128 that work and are over 100 lbs.
• There are only 14 domesticated animals
• Goats
• Sheep
• Pigs
• Cows
• horses
• mithians  
• Donkeys
• camels 
• Buffalo
• Reindeer
• Lamas
• Yaks 
• Cattle  

Guns, Germs, and Steel

Jared Diamond 

• figuring out the biggest questions in human history  
• travels to Papua New Guinea
• A professor at UCLA
• he's a leading bird watching expert in New Guinea 
• big question; why do we have so much cargo but New Guineans don't?
• white people saw themselves as the superior race 
• 3 major thing all great civilizations need 
• advanced technology 
• large populations 
• well organized work forces
• Jared is a scientist not a historian 
• middle eastern people were thriving thousands of years ago 
• New Guineans use the sago tree for dough 
• barley and wheat were surplussed in the middle east 
• Drah' is the first permanent village 
• had the first grainery 
•   domestication is cross breeding 

Urban Geography 

Day 3 

The Second Urban Revolution 

• a large scale movement of people to cities to work in manufacturing 
• second agricultural revolution that improved food produced and created a larger surplus 
• industrialization, which encouraged growth of cities near industrial resources 
• snowball effect / booming economy 

• Nature of manufacturing changed and location changed too. many factories have been abandoned, creation "rust belts" out of once-thriving industrial districts 
• houses in the Indus River Cities, such as Mohenjo-Daro and Harppa were equal sizes

Zone of the Cities 

• central business districts(CBD)
• Central city(CBD and older housing zones)
• suburb(outlying, functionally uniform zones)

Edge Cities 

• suburban downtown's often located near key freeway intersections with:
• office complexes 
• shopping centers
• hotels
• restaurants 
• entertainment facilities 
• sport centers 

Urban Geography

day 2

Agricultural Villages 

• as soon as they started growing things two big things happened 
• a surplus of food on sight
• permanent homes
• before urbanization, people often clustered in agricultural villages 

The First Urban Revolution

• an agricultural surplus 
• social stratification(leadership)

The Hearths of Urbanization 

• Mesopotamia - 3500BCE
• present day Iraq
• Nile River Valley - 3200BCE
• present day Egypt
• Indus River Valley - 2200BCE
• present day India
• Huang He River Valley - 1500BCE
• present day China 
• Mesoamerica - 200BCE
• present day Mexico

• Many ancient cities were theocratic centers where rules were deemed to have divine authority and were god-kings

Diffusion of Urbanization 

• The Greek cities
• network of more then 500 cities and towns
• on the mainland and on islands 
• each city had an acropolis and agora 
• 500BCE Greeks were highly urbanized  
• The Roman Cities 
• a system of cities and small towns linked together with hundreds of miles of roads and sea routes
• made for trade
• combined the acropolis and agora into one meeting place 
• had either extreme wealth or extreme poverty 

Urban Geography 

City- a conglomeration of people and building clustered together to serve as a center of politics, culture, and economics

Urban- the buildup of the central city and the surrounding environments connected to the city

TEST QUESTION
    -for the first time in history more then 50% of people live in urban areas

A rural area can become urbanized quite quickly in the modern world

Agricultural Villages

• Before urbanization, people often clustered in agricultural villages 
• 10,000 years ago, people began living in agricultural villages